2.PCH.2.1

2.PCH.2.1 Summarize reasons and strategies for preventing contact with body fluids.The body has ways to fight disease. All the parts of one’s body work hard to fight pathogens that get into the body. The skin helps keep pathogens from getting into the blood. However, sometimes a pathogen gets past the skin protection.

It is very important to know how to prevent the spread of diseases. At times others might be sick and it is the student’s responsibility to avoid behaviors that could cause the transmission of diseases. Many of the ways to prevent disease will help in avoiding them, such as not sharing drinks or food, washing hands, and staying away from people who have a communicable disease such as the flu or a cold. Another very important way to stay well is by avoiding contact with body fluids. Strategies for preventing contact with body fluids includes:
 * 1) Wash hands before eating, after going to the bathroom, after playing with pets, and playing outside.
 * 2) Use a tissue for a sneeze or cough or sneeze into the elbow. Throw away tissues.
 * 3) Do not share items that have been in or near someone’s mouth or nose like drink cans, water bottles, straws, utensils, pencils, lip balm, and toothbrushes.
 * 4) Keep all cuts, scrapes, and wounds covered. Throw away own band-aids. If hurt on playground, get a teacher. If teacher doesn’t have gloves, put on own band adhesives.
 * 5) For a nosebleed, tip head forward and pinch nose with tissue. Put an ice chip under top lip or an ice pack on the back of the neck.
 * 6) Do not ever pick up trash without gloves. Don’t pick up glass or sharp objects or put those in a regular trash bag. Someone could be cut.
 * The student will list reasons not to touch body fluids.
 * The student will report to the teacher if someone in the class is bleeding or has vomited.

2.PCH.2.2 Explain the dangers associated with excessive sun exposure (e.g., sun burn, damage to eyes, skin cancer) and methods for protecting oneself from these dangers.Too much sun hurts the skin, the eyes, the tops of ears and the top of the head. Just a few serious sunburns can increase a child’s chance of skin cancer later in life. Protecting oneself by wearing a hat and sunglasses, staying out of the sun at the hottest time of day, and using sunscreen with at least SPF 15 and UVA/UVB protection is recommended. This is needed every time one is outside even on cloudy days. A child should seek shade under a tree or umbrella and wear clothes that protect against the sun’s rays.
 * The student will explain the dangers of too much sun.
 * The student will list protective measures from too much sun.
 * The student will avoid overexposure from the sun.